Te Hōtaka Whai Ora: He Aha Ngā Hoahoanga Pūnaha o Mua-Columbian e Whakaako Mai Ana ki a Tātou mō te Ora o te Mākete o Nāianei

• Neke atu i te Pūrākau o te Koraha: Ko ngā Amerika i mua i a Columbus hei Pūnaha Kaiao Nui kua Hangaia Kairangi.

• Te Whatunga Kua Whakahekea: Te Wewete i te Kāwanatanga Kotahi mā roto i ngā Hanganga Tuku Iho.

• Te Koiora ki te Tepu Poari: Terra Preta, Chinampas, me te Mekameka Tuku Kore-Tangohanga.

• Te Haerenga MVP-Mana Motuhake ®: Te Whakamaori i ngā Mea Pono Whakahē o Mua ki te Māramatanga Mākete o Nāianei.

Te Pohewa o te Pouaka Kirikiri Kau

Mō ngā rau tau, kua mahi ngā tauira ōhanga o te Hauāuru i raro i tētahi pohewa pai engari whakamate: ka taea te wewete i te oranga arumoni wā roa mai i te ora o te taiao. Ka pēnei tātou i te ao he kaiwhakarato kōpūpū-kore, korekore o ngā rauemi mata—he pouaka kirikiri o waho hei whakapaitanga mō ngā reiti tupu ā-tau whakahuihui (CAGR) mō te wā poto.

Ka hoki whakamuri ngā hinonga o nāianei ki te rapu tauira kāwanatanga, ka tahuri tonu rātou ki ngā pūnaha mātātoa, tangohanga a Ūropi imperial. Engari i te wā e pakaru ana ngā mekameka tuku o te ao i raro i te taumaha o te kōmaru o te āhuarangi, te kore rawa, me te hurihanga ture puta noa i te rohe Āhia-Kiwa (APAC) me tua atu, e whakaatu ana tēnei paradigm rārangi he tino pakarukaru.

Hei rapu mahere mō te tino pakari o te mākete mō ngā whakatupuranga maha, me titiro tātou ki tērā taha o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa—kore ki Ūropi i te tau 1492, engari ki ngā iwi tino kī, tino honohono, me te hangarau matatau i tupu i ngā Amerika i mua i te taenga mai o Ūropi.

Kāore ngā Amerika i mua i a Columbus i te koraha tūturu, kāore anō kia pāngia. He tino tohunga rātou ki te hanganga pūnaha koiora. Mā te wewete i te āhua i whakahaere ai te 50 ki te 100 miriona tāngata i ngā whenua e rua katoa me te kore e pakaru te taiao, ka taea e ngā kaiārahi rangatira o nāianei te tango i te māramatanga mākete mata e tika ana hei whakamarumaru i te hinonga o te rautau rua tekau mā tahi mō anamata.

1. Te Pakarukaru Kotahi me te Rīki Manapori Kua Whakahekea

Kei te pōraruraru ngā hanganga umanga me ngā hanganga kāwanatanga tuku iho i te pounamu hanganga nui. Ka pēnei rātou i te pūmanawa hinonga tawhito: he kotahi, he taumaha-o-runga, he wehi hoki ki te pakaru pūnaha. Ka tipu tētahi whakahaere o nāianei, ka piki haere i runga i te rārangi, ka whakatōpū i te mōrea me te hanga wāhi pakaru nui.

Whakatauritea tēnei ki te Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy o ngā Ngāhere o te Taitokerau. He mea here ki te Kayanerehkowa (te Ture Nui o te Rongomau), i whakatū tēnei hononga iwi e rima i tētahi manapori mātātoa, whai wāhi hoki e whakaatu ana i tētahi pūnaha mārama o ngā arowhai me ngā pauna, tētahi pātaka ture e rua ngā ruma, me tētahi hanganga mana weto wahine.

Kāore te Haudenosaunee i hanga i tētahi emepaea pakarukaru, whakatōpū; i hanga rātou i tētahi whatunga pakari, tohatoha. I noho tonu te mana motuhake ki te rohe, engari i tohatohaina te tiri rawa me te parepare ki te ao whānui.

Te Whakaakoranga mō te Hinonga: I te wā o te mōrea mākete APAC nui me ngā panonitanga ture-whakawhiti-rohe me tua atu, ko te whai i te tauine umanga kotahi he taumahatanga mahi. Me neke ngā kaiārahi whakaaro-whakamua ki tētahi tauira whatunga whakaheke—te tohatoha mana whakatau tata ki ngā "node" mahi (ngā mekameka tuku rohe, ngā pū mātātoa ture rohe) i te wā e pupuri ana i tētahi kawa ahurea tiritahi, pūnaha hoki.

2. Hanganga Kore Tangohanga: Te Whakanōhanga Tuatahi i te Koiora

Ka kōrero tātou mō te "whakanōhanga tuatahi i te koiora ki te tepu poari," kei te tono tātou i tētahi panonitanga nui mai i te tirohanga mākete tangata-whaiaro (tangata-whaiaro) ki tētahi tirohanga koiora. Ka pēnei ngā māramatanga mākete o nāianei i te pakaru o te taiao hei "whakaaro o waho" tawhiti. Ko ngā iwi o mua o Columbus, he rerekē, i whakauru i ngā mana ture me ngā mana mahi o te pūnaha kaiao ki roto i ā rātou hoahoa hanganga.

Te Ngahere Tāone o Amazon me Terra Preta

Engari i te whakawātea i te ngahere ua o Amazon mō ngā hua ahuwhenua wā poto—he mahi e whakararu ana i ngā puna waro o te ao me ngā pū hanga matua—i hanga e ngā hapori o mua o Columbus. Mā te hanga Terra Preta (he oneone i hangaia e te tangata, tino whai hua, he nui te waro pūmau me ngā matrices matūkai), i hurihia e rātou ngā oneone ngaherehere ngāwari-matūkai ki tētahi miihini ahuwhenua pupuri-whaiaro. Kāore te Amazon i te ngahere mohoao; he māra kua whakahaerehia e tautoko ana i ngā miriona tāngata honohono.

Ngā Pūnaha Wai Hurihanga Katoa o Tenochtitlan

I Te Raorao o Mexico, i hanga e te Mexica (Aztecs) a Tenochtitlan—he taone nui atu i a Paris, i Raanana rānei, i hangaia katoatia ki runga i tētahi pūnaha roto motu. Engari i te whakangaro i te pūnaha kaiao wai, i whakapiki ake rātou mā te chinampas (ngā repo ahuwhenua mānu). I puta mai i ēnei pūnaha e whitu ngā hua ia tau, i hangarua ngā para tāone, i tātari i te wai māori, me te mahi motuhake rawa mai i ngā pounamu mekameka tuku o waho.

3. Te Paradigm Whakahē: Mehemea i Noho Tīpoka te Hangarau?

Hei mārama i te nui o ngā mea ka taea e ēnei pūnaha te tuku, me uru tātou ki tētahi whakahē rautaki: Mehemea kāore i pakaru te arai o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa e te raupatu? Mehemea i tukuna ēnei iwi kia eke ki te ao whānui i runga i te mana ōrite, me te tīmata i ā rātou ake MVP-Journey ® ki te ahumahi?

Kāore rātou e hanga i tētahi ōhanga o ngā tumere auahi, ngā mekameka tuku waro-paoa, me te para paitini.

• Te Whanaketanga o te Raraunga: I whakahaere te Emepaea o Inca (Tawantinsuyu) i tētahi rohe maunga whānui mā te whakamahi quipus—he pūnaha uaua o ngā aho pona e pupuri ana i ngā raraunga ā-toru, rua-taumata, me te hautau. Mehemea i haere tonu tēnei huarahi, tērā pea kua hipa ngā pūnaha mōhiohio o nāianei i te rorohiko silicon rua-taumata, ka neke tonu ki ngā hanganga raraunga kore-rārangi, pā-ā-ringa, me te maha-taumata kua tino whakatikaia mō te whai i ngā pūnaha kaiao uaua, kore-rārangi.

• Te Hurihanga Waka: I te korenga o ngā kararehe tō, i hangaia e te Inca tētahi whatunga huanui maunga 25,000-maero (Qhapaq Ñan) i hoahoatia mō te hīkoi me te tere. Tērā pea kua hipa tētahi iwi Inca ahumahi i te wā o ngā waka wīra kai-hinu, ka peke tonu mai i ngā kaikawe hīkoi ki ngā whatunga waka poutū, taura-kōkiri, awhinawhina-a-rūma, me ngā pūnaha tereina matatau rawa, e hāngai ana ki te koiora.

E whakaatu ana tēnei mooni whakarara i tētahi pono nui: Kāore te ahumahi e hiahia ki te tangohanga. Kāore te hangarau e whai ki te hoariri o te taiao.

4. Hurihia te Tirohanga ki te Mahi: Te Tātaritanga i te Mekameka Tuku o Nāianei

Kāore e taea e tātou te pēnei i ēnei tirohanga he kōrero o mua noa iho. Ko ngā whakahaere ka ora i ngā tekau tau e haere ake nei ko rātou e whakamahi kaha ana i ēnei anga tuku iho ki te "tutu" ki ngā mihini mātātoa o te ao umanga o nāianei.

Ki te whai noa tō tātaritanga mākete i ngā raraunga o mua, ngā reiti tupu ā-tau whakahuihui (CAGR) kua whakatauhia, me te whanonga kaiwhakataetae, he matapo koe ki ngā tohu mākete-nui e tino whai take ana. Ka pakaru tētahi pūnaha kaiao nui, kāore tō mekameka tuku e puhoi noa—ka kore rawa.

Te Mahere Pakari Rore mō ngā Kaiārahi Rangatira:

1. Arotakehia ō Hua o Waho: Maherehia tō mekameka tuku ehara i te pai o te pūtea, engari i te ti'aturi koiora. Kei hea koe e pēnei ana i tētahi rohe kaiao he pouaka kirikiri kore utu?

2. Hoahoatia ngā Mahi Kore-Tangata-Whaiaro: Whakaurua ngā KPI koiora ki tō kāwanatanga rangatira. Ki te ti'aturi tētahi raina hua ki te ngarotanga tonu o te oneone o runga, ki te whakararuraru rānei i tētahi momo kī, he rawa paitini tēnā. Wewete tonu.

3. Whakatinanahia te Tauira MVP Motuhake: Kaua e ngana ki te whakahou i tō hanganga umanga piriona-taara i roto i tētahi whakatinanatanga kotahi, rārangi hoki. Engari, waihangahia ngā momo mekameka tuku koiora, ngāwari hoki. Whakahaerehia ngā kaupapa pairati iti, hihiko hoki—pērā i ngā hononga whakatikatika oneone rohe, ngā huringa hangarua para hurihanga-katoa rānei—ka whakanuia i te wā e whakaatu ana rātou i tō rātou pakari pūnaha.

Kua Tae Mai te Whakaraupapa Anō Pūtea

Kei te piki haere ngā kaipakihi whakahaere ki te wewete mai i ngā hinonga mātātoa, tangohanga hoki, me te neke i te pūtea ki ngā rāngai i hangaia mō te taurite kaiao wā roa. Ko te awhi i tētahi anga umanga koiora ehara i te pouaka kawenga pāpori umanga (CSR) e tika ana kia tohu noa; he taputapu tēnā mō te oranga mākete tūturu.

I whakaatu ngā iwi o mua o Columbus ka taea e te tangata te whakatutuki i te noho taone nui, te hanganga matatau, me te kāwanatanga uaua i te wā e piki haere ana te kanorau koiora me te hauora o te taiao huri noa. Kua noho te mahere ki te whenua o ngā Amerika mō ngā tau e rima rau neke atu.

Kua tae ki te wā ki te mutu te titiro ki te ao mā te arotahi tangohanga. Kua tae ki te wā ki te hanga i tētahi hinonga e pēnei ana i te pūnaha kaiao.

He aha tō whakaaro? Me pēhea e taea ai e ngā mekameka tuku APAC o nāianei me tua atu te neke atu i te kōmaru tangohanga me te neke atu ki te pakari hurihanga-katoa, tuku iho hoki? Kia tātarihia e tātou te pūnaha i roto i ngā kōrero i raro.