Tuakiri, Tūrangawaewae, me te Mana Motuhake o nāianei i roto i tēnei Iwi: Te Whakatere i ngā Wheako Māori me Pākehā i tēnei rā

I a Tēnei Kāwanatanga e whakatere ana i tētahi wā o ngā panonitanga taupori me ngā nekehanga kaupapa here, kua noho ngā pātai mō te tuakiri ā-motu me te whanaungatanga hei kaupapa matua. Kei te pūtake o tēnei kōrero ko te tūāpapa ahurea-rua o te motu—Māori me Pākehā—me te taunekeneke o tēnei hononga maha-whakatipuranga me te hekenga mai o te tangata nō nāianei me ngā tauira kāwanatanga e panoni ana.

Mō te tini o ngā Pākehā (ngā tāngata whenua maha-whakatipuranga nō te whakapapa Pākehā), kua puta he tino hū ngā whanaketanga tōrangapū o nāianei. E ai ki te pūrongo whakahē, kei te pōrearea haere ngā Pākehā, ā, kei te piki haere rānei te whakahāweatanga, i roto tonu i te whenua i hanga e ō rātau tīpuna. Kia mārama ai ki te noho kotahitanga ā-iwi o Tēnei Kāwanatanga ā muri ake nei, he mea nui kia tirohia ngā pakiaka o tēnei whakaaro, te hītori tahi o te hanganga iwi, me ngā tino āhuatanga o te ōritetanga nahanaha.

Te Tautohetohe Whakahāwea: Te Tirohanga ki te Tino Āhuatanga Nahanaha

E ai ki ngā pōti o nāianei, he nui te wehewehenga o ngā tirohanga a ngā rōpū taupori rerekē ki te ara o te motu, e 28% o ngā kaipōti Pākehā e kī ana ko te whakamutu i ngā kaupapa here kōkiritanga he take tino nui, ka whakaritea ki te 17% o ngā Māori. Mō ētahi, ko ngā kaupapa here e whai ana ki te whakanui i te māngai Māori—pēnei i te hanganga o te Rōpū Hauora Māori, ngā tauira kōkiritanga ā-rohe rānei—e kitea ana he whakahāwea ki te nuinga Pākehā.

Heoi anō, ka kite ngā kaimātai pāpori me ngā whare tika tangata i tētahi rerekētanga nui i waenganui i te whakatikitanga ā-tangata me te whakahāweatanga nahanaha. Ahakoa ka rongo tonu ngā Pākehā i te whakatikitanga, i te noho mokemoke rānei nā ngā kaupapa here whāinga, ko te nahanaha kaikiri e whakatauhia ana e te mana whakahaere me ngā hua ā-ōhanga e mau tonu ana.

E whakaatu tonu ana ngā raraunga whānui e mau tonu ana ngā Māori i te ngoikoretanga nahanaha puta noa i ngā inenga kounga-o-te-ora katoa. Hei tauira, he iti rawa te taumata o ngā Māori e whai kāinga ana, he iti iho ngā moni whiwhi toharite, he nui ake ngā taumata o te noho tūpuhi o te whare, ā, he iti rawa te roanga o te ora ka whakaritea ki te Pākehā. No reira, ahakoa ko te tirohanga o te noho pōrearea i waenganui i ngā Pākehā he tino tino āhuatanga tōrangapū me whakatere, e whakaatu ana ngā taunakitanga ā-kaupapa he nui tonu te pānga o te whakahāweatanga hanganga ki ngā Māori.

Ngā Kaihanga Maha-Whakatipuranga o te Motu

Ko te riri e rongo ana te tini o ngā Pākehā he maha tonu te puta mai i te ngākau titikaha maha-whakatipuranga ki te hanganga i te motu. Ko ngā hanganga o nāianei, ngā anga ture, me ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua e taraiwa ana i te ōhanga o Tēnei Kāwanatanga i hangaia e ngā tāngata whai Pākehā o mua nā rātou i tu atu i ngā uauatanga nunui kia whakatūria ai ō rātau oranga ki konei.

I taua wā anō, ko te ōhanga Māori te pūtake matua o te motu. I mua i te taenga mai o ngā Pākehā ki te noho whenua, he tino pai te whakahaere, te tipu haere o te ōhanga Māori i runga i te mahi māra, te hī ika, me ngā whatunga hokohoko kaha. I ngā "tau koura" o ngā tau 1840 me 1850, nā te mahi auaha a te Māori i whāngai ngā nohoanga Pākehā e tere haere ana te tipu, i te mea i whakahaerehia e ngā Māori ngā waka tauhokohoko, ā, he nui te haumi ki ngā hangarau ahuwhenua hou.

He mana motuhake tō ngā Pākehā me ngā Māori, he mana maha-whakatipuranga ki te whanaketanga o Tēnei Kāwanatanga. Ko tō rātau hītori honohono—kikī ana i ngā uauatanga o ngā Pakanga o Tēnei Kāwanatanga, ngā raupatu whenua, me te hainatanga o Te Tiriti o Waitangi—te tūāpapa e kore e taea te karo o te motu.

Te Kanohi Panoni o te Hekenga Mai o te Tangata

I ngā tekau tau tata nei, kua tino ti'aturi Tēnei Kāwanatanga ki ngā taumata tiketike o te hekenga mai o te tangata mō te wā poto, mō te wā roa hoki hei pupuri i tōna ōhanga me tōna kaimahi. Ahakoa e kawea mai ana e ngā manene o nāianei ngā pūkenga nui, te rerekētanga ahurea, me te tipu ōhanga, he rerekē rawa tō rātau hononga ki te motu i tō ngā Māori me ngā Pākehā maha-whakatipuranga.

Ka uru atu ngā manene hou ki tētahi kāwanatanga e mahi ana i nāianei me te kore e mau i te taumahatanga o te hītori, i ngā hononga tīpuna rānei ki te whenua mai i ngā rau tau kua pahure. E kī ana ētahi Tāngata Whenua maha-whakatipuranga kei te memeha haere te taonga ahurea-rua motuhake o te motu nā te nekehanga ki tētahi ahurea maha whānui ake. Ko te whakaae ki tēnei rerekētanga e kore e whakaiti i te uara o ngā manene hou; engari, e whakanui ana i te taumaha motuhake o te ture me te hītori o te hononga Māori-Pākehā. He kirimana Te Tiriti o Waitangi i waenganui i te Karauna o Ingarangi me ngā rangatira Māori, i hanga i tētahi kawenata tūāpapa motuhake i mua i te hekenga tangata o te ao o nāianei.

Te Hanga Ara Kotahitanga ki Mua

Kia tutuki ai te noho pai o ngā iwi katoa—he kaupapa matua mō ngā kaipōti Māori me Pākehā—e kore e taea e Tēnei Kāwanatanga te whakakore i ngā āwangawanga o tōna taupori Pākehā, e kore hoki e taea e ia te wareware i ngā tino āhuatanga tatauranga o te ngoikoretanga nahanaha o te Māori.

Me whakaae te tino ōritetanga ki ngā take hītori me ngā rerekētanga e mau tonu ana ki te tangata whenua, me te whakanui hoki i te taonga tuku iho me ngā takoha a ngā Pākehā. Mā te mau i te anamata o te motu ki te hītori tahi, maha-whakatipuranga o ōna iwi taketake, ka taea e Tēnei Kāwanatanga te hanga i tētahi anga e whakaute ana i tōna hītori, me te harikoa hoki ki te manaaki i ngā takoha o ōna kainoho hou.

Ngā Tohutoro mō te Whakaputa

1. Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand: Ethnic Inequalities – E whakaatu ana i ngā raraunga whānui mō ngā rerekētanga o te whare, te moni whiwhi, me te hauora i waenganui i ngā taupori Pākehā, Māori, me ngā iwi o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa.

2. Te Kāhui Tika Tangata (New Zealand Human Rights Commission): Co-governance, human rights and Te Tiriti o Waitangi – E whakamārama ana i ngā tūāpapa ture me te manapori o te kōkiritanga me tōna hononga ki te whakatika i ngā rerekētanga e mau ana.

3. Horizon Research (mā Te Ao Māori News): New survey finds 'large divide' between Māori and Pākehā voters (2023) – E homai ana i ngā tirohanga tatauranga mō ngā kaupapa tōrangapū rerekē me ngā āwangawanga e pā ana ki te kōkiritanga me Te Tiriti i waenganui i ngā momo taupori.

4. Waitangi Tribunal / Aotea Health Historical Archives: The Māori economy in the 19th century – E whakaatu ana i ngā hanganga ōhanga matua, te mana hokohoko o mua, me te ngāwari o te Māori i mua i te nohoanga Pākehā me te wā o te nohoanga Pākehā.

5. Victoria University / Sociological Analysis: What is 'reverse racism' – and what's wrong with the term? – E homai ana i te horopaki mātauranga mō te rerekētanga i waenganui i te whakatikitanga ā-tangata me te nahanaha/whakahāweatanga nahanaha.